Caroline enriched the lives of many, mine included, by her personal qualities and her attributes as student, teacher and scholar. My first memories are from the time of her arrival as a student at Warwick University in the early 1980s, where her experience of life in Argentina and intense interest in Latin American history meant that she stood out from the crowd. Despite the difficulties which she and her family faced in moving from Argentina, she adjusted to a new life with characteristic clarity and determination. She entered the History Department at Warwick, where she opted for the BA in Comparative American Studies, a degree programme that allowed her to develop her commitment to, and talent for the historical study of the Americas. Caroline was one of CAS’s brightest students, and she followed her undergraduate success by working for a PhD. Her doctoral research took her to archives in Spain, where she carved a pathway into the history of cross-cultural encounters and race relationships on the frontiers of the Hispanic world. She made the conquest and colonisation of the Colombian Chocó her subject, and produced the first full study of Spanish invasions and indigenous resistance in the region. Her subsequent book was a pioneering piece of original research, a model work on its subject, and an important contribution to the history of Spanish-indigenous relationships in the American world. Caroline did not do things by halves. Her writings – which went on to encompass the social histories of frontiers in Central America – were always based on meticulous scholarship, organised with clarity and skill, and expressed in a fluid and persuasive prose that was honed by rigorous redrafting. Caroline was a leading scholar of the history of Hispanic American frontiers and her contribution was recognised by the recent award of the Tibesar Prize for one of her articles. The loss of her ongoing work on Spanish Central America will be sharply felt by fellow historians in a field which, despite her self-effacement and understatement, she did much to develop. No doubt the work that she has left will inspire others to follow in her path. Angela and I remember Caroline in the years that she lived and worked in Warwick, and where she and Richard married. However, her gift for friendship allowed us to stay in touch over the years that followed, and it was great to see her establish such a full and fruitful life with Richard in Bristol. As so many friends and colleagues attest, Caroline was a wonderful person who did a great deal to brighten the life of those around her, in her family, among her colleagues and among her academic peers in the world of Hispanic and Latin American studies. It goes without saying that she will be sorely missed. Tony McFarlane